UTI

no viral utis but others? colonization just like commensal not inlfmmamtory

Dif between uti and bacteriuria is that in uti there is inlammation, not just bacteria as just baceria can be harmless commensal bacteria

Acute pyelonephritis is a clinical diagnosis but UTI isnt!! Only need ultrasound in acute pyelonephritis to check complications and progress

chronic pyelonephritis ⇒ there is no active inlflammation. just shrunken thing

not another bacteria and no evidene of 14 day free from bacteriura

Nosocomial, health acare associated, hospital acquired

ESBL - e coli 80% of out patient and 50% hospital acquired. But that 50% is ESBL ones. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella

RTIS are most common infections but since its viral cant say most common bacterial infection

lack of estroge after menapuse causing normal function to lower

Renal papilary necroses and fals off and gets infected

usually abcess is more than one

Elderly patient who is confused ⇒ delirum ⇒ consider DDs for delieruim ⇒ and one of it is sepsis ⇒ UTI. So dont wait for the fever to come. Do investigation as delieruim (confusion) is high mortality.

STI is a whole another category.

Must know how to collect sample 1. intructions to give patient to collect urine sample 2 procedure to collect sample 3 handling, storage and analsysis Must also know how to collect a sample from a catheter Also pead stuff how to do a clean catch and instruct mothers to collect samples

UFR is not diagosituc but urine cuture is gold standard biochemical diagnostic for UTI unlike acute pyelo which is a clinical diagnosis

Serum creatine should be normal unless kidney disease

Sometimes the treatmwnt or treatment cost justifies the investigation and investigation cost

Anti fungal regimes for uti ??? Antifungal regimes? sstemic for immunosupreesant thing

all the absic guidelines on rational use of antibiotics appl here For renal ⇒ antibitoic that has the most penetration For ulower urinary ⇒ antibiotic that accumulates in the urine Lower urinary tract symptoms ⇒ complete breakdown