AUB + cases

polymenorrhoea vs oligomonorrehea hypomonorrhea vs menorrhagia

dysmenorrhea?

last one is pcos

second is one we are focusing now

if bleeding or no pleeding ⇒ always keep [regnancy and its compications in mind!! If repro age!!!

Fibroid vs Adenomyosis

all fibroids are intramural to begin....and then they grow inside or towards the outside

pedunculated intracavitary or pedunculated sub serous if conencted by a stem which is called a pedicle

intracavitary peduculated is also called a fibroid polyp

and it itypically causes IMB not HMB!

Why fibroids leads to HMB? 1. increased sa 2 strecthing anf thinning of endometrium

a type of aendometriosis??

THERE FORE HISTORY TAKING IS IMPORTANT

severe congestiv vs smaspodic

between 8 and 12 must confirm later

laporatomy vs lapotrscopy vs hysteroscopic

fribroids normally sink after menapause. If hasnt shrink then can be sarcoma. so need hysterectomy then.

hysterscopy can be both investigative and therapurtic aso!

A parasitic fibroid is a rare type of fibroid that gets its blood supply from another organ in the body, rather than directly from the uterus. It is also known as a pedunculated fibroid or a fibroid in a parasitic location.

Endometrial Polyps and hyper plasia

per-speculim exam important to diagnose cervical cancer which is a common cancer

endometrial polyps is different from pedunculated fibroid polyp which is muscle and not endometrium

endometrium outgrowths ⇒ polyps

endometrium ingrowths ⇒ adenomyosis

both polyps cause inter mentrsual bleeding

feedlng vessel sign in this polyp and not fibroid because this is more vascular!S

vessels are feeding into it ......

hyperechoic area with feeding vessels

feeding vessels sign can be seen in hystersocpy as well

A polypectomy forceps typically has a more elongated and slender shape with a pointed tip, while a sponge forceps has a more rounded, spoon-like tip. Additionally, a polypectomy forceps may have a serrated or toothed edge to grasp tissue more securely, while a sponge forceps typically has a smooth edge.

hyetserscopy can be both diagnostic and thearaptuic

can treat by burning or cutting or ligating etc

But final diagnosis is by HPE send and diagnosed in the lab (to dx from other polyp)

Endometrial hyperplasia

check page on endometrial ca and post menapausal bleeding

endometrial sampling can be done by d and C and anything that gets the endometrium

but best is with endometrial sampling using the pipelle cannular which doesnt even need a vercial dialotor because its very thin. just iv sedation . and office procedure.

atypia meaning with atypical features like nuclei

HYESTERECTOMY ONLY AFTER CAREFUL CONSIDERATION wont cause premature menapause or ovarian failure unless ovaries are removed as well H with bso (immdietate menapause)

But it can cause ovarian failure later on in 4 to 5 years!!